星期三, 3月 16, 2005

其實,還是在想關於語言……

*在 《獨立媒體》貼了一篇就前文的回應,結果很長氣,越寫越長。

寫這篇看似過把癮的短打,其實還是在想關於語言、關於語言與思考模式。

對於中大近來的授課語言爭拗,作為一個曾經但疏離的中大人,我沒有太大情感上的牽動;對於各位朋友在此作的關於「國際化」的討論,之前想得不多,大家的各種見解,大都同意,但還要消化,未能整理出自己的一套看法。儘管如此,我還是對中大校方執意推行英語授課,不能認同,理由簡單,純粹從用家的經驗角度出發而已。

先作一個較理想化的假設。假設教育的目的是培養學生的思辯能力,使不執於成見,能一再更新認知的模式及內容。要達到這個目的,語言是工具。我想不到有什麼理由要捨近取遠,放棄一運用自如的工具,而他求於根本未能掌握的工具(不是都說現在學生的英語水平一蟹不如一蟹麼?)。一個贊成中大全面轉用英語授課的老師對我說,教授理論時學生學不懂,問題不在語言,而在於他/她們根本就不懂,即使用中文(廣東話)也不會懂。我沒有去質問他這個結論是否實踐的結果,還是純粹的想當然。但純以邏輯而論,既然學生資質那麼魯鈍,理論說來說去也說不明白,而他/她們的英語又那麼破爛(這不是我的意見,而是提倡英語教學者一直抱持的觀點),用英語教豈非更事倍功半?若這個前提是真確的,那麼用中文(廣東話)這個至少大家用熟的工具,是否相對應有些「渣拿」? ─ 如果讓學生多少能學到些什麼是一個目的的話。

退而回應現實。如果英語授課其中一個原因是出於市場考慮、回應商界的抱怨,那麼邏輯上也不見得說得通。如果學生的英語真破爛如斯,校方的回應應是加強語言的課程。(我不知道現在中大還是否要求會考中英文沒有A的學生必修語言課程。)否則,我看不到有什麼理由令我們相信當市場學、經濟學、科學、歷史、哲學全面用英語來教及討論時,學生的英語能一下子進步神速(天啊,那些課堂是教授專門知識,不是用來讓學生學英文的﹗)。再者,能進入大學的所謂都是尖子生,多數都畢業於英中,那麼如果他/她們的英文真的那麼差,豈非正好反證了英語教學=學好英文的失敗,別忘記他/她們之前用英文學習了起碼七年﹗

當然,以上說法只是回應了其中一個提倡英語授課的原因及其背後的假設,即學生普遍的英文水平都不好,而改用英語授課就能提升英文能力。 (如果學生的英語很好,能自如地運用英文思考,那麼引申出用中還是英的授課語言,討論面向將有所不同,但不是本文想討論的範疇)

好,我繼續想,什麼叫做英文不好。要學會第二(或第三、第四)語言、並能以之思考,本身並非什麼艱深的知識、並不要求有多高的IQ。我想關鍵只在於那種語言在生活的滲透面有多廣,而個體母語的resistance又有多強。

我曾就讀之英中是一完全英語化的環境,不單只上課用英語(除了中文、中史),參加課外活動進行面試,高年級同學也用英語來「嚇窒」低年級同學;sports day 是英語;swimming gala 是英語;煮飯仔做衫仔也是英語。但是,我卻沒有培養出一套英語思維,我只是學會少說話、少活動為妙。從來,我心裏面的聲音,沒有用過英文來做白日夢,沒用過英文來自說自話;即使現在要寫一篇學術論文,思想蘊釀時、肚皮裏打著腹稿的,還是中文(廣東話)(雖然普通話同為我的母語,但既然日常少用,就淡出了)。其中一個原因是踏出學校的環境,我看的是翡翠劇場、港產片、中文報紙、任何說明文件中英並存的我必然選擇中文。以我個人經驗而言,我中文體系的排他性很強,當然也可以說是筆者「自甘墮落」,沒有好好善用那可以學好英語的好環境,讓英語思考模式在我腦內紮根。

初中時,記得有一次,某同學提議,不如我哋傾計都用英文喇……因為我們這些非原小學直升的外來生,總被歧視英語技不如人。好,那就試試吧。Break的時候,煞有介是用英文和同學仔傾偈,卻像做戲,說的話正經了,像做presentation。嘿,因為俏皮話英文說不來。要傾偈,不是沒有說的能力,卻毫無樂趣,先在腦裏打個稿,我想說什麼,然後說出來;詞彙有限,表達不了的,吞下去。越說越少,也越想越少。玩了兩個小息就不玩了。

但是,當我著力在描述自己的中文體系如何頑抗時,我真的可免於學校英語環境的滲透力嗎?我想,當時的我沒有一句說話是不摻雜英文的,我是指英文詞彙。

陣間break去snack shop買包珍珍
嘩,今日啊邊個邊個係swimming gala攞咗個gold medal
今年speech fest妳撿邊首hymn
上堂都唔知佢嗡乜,真係好鬼frustrated
妳明唔明,呢個problem搞到我好煩,搞到我好desperate

這就是我的日常語。如果我們真的是讓language spoken through us,那麼體驗在我這個個體身上的,是兩個系統拉鋸角力的結果,雖然當時的我並沒這份自覺。

然而,走出英文校園,這種語言的混雜卻往往與仍然以中文(廣東話)為主的社會不能順利銜接。簡單如家政堂學的「沙煲盎撐」(唔識寫:p)煎炸炆燉煮,學的都是英文詞彙。當然這裏又涉及一層階級問題,如果我到大百貨公司去買我所需,當然不會有問題,但如果是到街坊小舖,那就難要免多費唇舌了。家政課如此,再專門的學術用語更不用說了。

如果當年的中英文混雜雞碎語(黃碧雲語)是純粹語言角力的結果,那麼我在前一篇提到的icq英文則多了一份自覺。廣東話語法的思考模式,鑲嵌以英文先行的詞彙,運用得得心應手,儘管這是一套「不上枱面」的雞碎語。但也因此,當我一邊用字字斟酌的英文作公務書信來往時,另一邊廂,我用icq英文來作微小的抗衡。所以謂之,騎劫Eng門。

*前一篇引文中的中文詮譯,非我所加,係原文所有。

6 Comments:

At 12:02 上午, Blogger 28481k said...

If you read my posts in Inmedia,you would know that that English education affects my way of thinking immensely, even before I study in the UK. Granted that my family code-switch between English adn Chinese a lot, and we often watch English television instead of Chinese. As a result, I think in English as well as in Chinese.

Indeed, when you language grasp is good enough then you need to think in English as well. This is entirely possible, though with a little bit more much practice... You might thought that I was born in the overseas, but I wasn't. It's just that strangely I was born in English enviornment from choice, for example my English is more fluent than Chinese when I was young!

 
At 12:04 上午, Blogger 28481k said...

Ah, I forgot to tell you that "code switching" is so common in Hong Kong that people often forgive that, so actually it is also possible to think in a mixture of languages.

 
At 11:53 上午, Blogger 熊一豆 said...

Just a few pts to clarify:

1. Maybe I didn’t make myself clear enough. I never question the possibility of different language systems coexisting alongside with each other. Certainly ppl are able to think with more than just one language system. But my question is, how many Hong Kong students do “think” in English? Actually 28481k’s example is self-evident. S/he’s able to think in a bilingual mode exactly because s/he grew up in an environment where English is part of his/her life. Yet I doubt how common is such an upbringing (quote: It's just that strangely I was born in English environment from choice) among our students? If most students can think in English as 28481k does, I wonder why should there be much complaints abt students’ English standard. I stated early in my article that the writing is based on the assumption that the majority of our university students DO not think in English, instead of it is not possible.

2. My example of icq English aims to show exactly the “mixture of languages”, if 28481k didn’t miss my point. I don’t believe that any single system of language can be that “pure” in HK. Yet, “mixture of languages” does not necessarily equal to “mixture of thinking modes”. As far as I noticed, it is more common to observe ppl inserting English vocabularies into Cantonese grammatical structures instead of the other way round. And this Difference, though seems subtle, does tell something.

 
At 4:12 上午, Anonymous 匿名 said...

If you go to my xanga site, you would know that 28481k is a he. :P

Of course I know the situation on ICQ is different from normal written communication because we tend to make our conversation on instant messaing more colloquial. In HK, code switching/mixing languages is a frequent event, so it won't be astonishing if we bring this kind of trend into ICQ as well. ICQ/SMS speech won't be the murderer of English and Chinese. Unless we write as we speak all the time, which even in Chinese that's still not possible, a difference between literary language and spoken, colloquial language will be maintained.

The reason why I'm typing English is however due to my inability of typing Chinese. I could write Chinese farily quickly, but I haven't had an incentive to type Chinese on a computer, so my Chinese typing is poor.

 
At 8:12 下午, Anonymous 匿名 said...

我英文差所以只好用我最耍家的語言--中文.沒有什麼意見,但只是想說,28481k你的英文聽讀可能不錯,但寫作時卻不但文法出錯,還有不少錯字,令我這個中中出身的中文人大開眼界.

反而版主的英文水準不錯呢--雖然閣下是用中文來思考.....

 
At 5:55 下午, Anonymous 匿名 said...

致一個多事的途人︰

只怪我自己寫文章有時粗心大意,沒有細心校對,但求把文章送出就不理文法、錯字。在此我謹此致歉,

我用英語打字是因為我中文打字實在太慢,日常生活亦甚少打中文。試想當家書也用英文時,我用中文的機會何其少。

 

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